Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC) Act of 2004—RA 9262

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The Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC) Act of 2004, codified as Republic Act No. 9262, is a landmark law in the Philippines that addresses violence against women and their children. It criminalizes physical, psychological, sexual, and economic acts of abuse committed by a victim's intimate partner or even someone the victim has had a relationship with. As such, this law stands out in the 18-day Campaign to End Violence Against Women, an annual advocacy initiative, as giving a legal framework to help protect victims and empower them to seek justice.

Through this campaign, the government, civil society organizations, and communities become aware of the forms of abuse covered by the VAWC Act and mechanisms on reporting and support. On this day, the importance of giving legal, psychological, and social assistance is highlighted as well as bringing about the need for social change that would stop violence.

RA 8353: Anti-Rape Law of 1997

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The Anti-Rape Law of 1997, or R.A. 8353, redefined rape no longer as a crime committed against chastity but as against persons. This reflects one's recognition of the victim's dignity and personal autonomy.

• It expands its definition of rape to commit sexual assault with penetration on the mouth or anus involving objects or other body parts.

• Recognizes rape committed through force, intimidation, or against a victim who is unconscious, incapacitated, or under the influence of substances.

• Removes the need to prove resistance as an element of the crime, focusing instead on the absence of consent.

This is a step forward on dealing with sexual violence and a better and clearer protection of victims, and this must be included in advocacy work as the campaign continues to stop violence against women.

RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

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The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995, or R.A. 7877, centers on the prevention and penalization of sexual harassment in workplaces, schools, and other training areas. Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or any other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature affecting an individual's work environment, educational setting, or training place.

• Outlines the responsibilities of employers and heads of institutions in curbing harassment by implementing grievance mechanisms and workplace policies.

• Makes people with positions of authority responsible for a hostile or abusive environment.

• Fosters respect and equality at the professional and academic level.

This law is a cornerstone of advocacy against gender-based violence, and it emphasizes the need for safe and respectful spaces. During the 18-day campaign, its relevance is highlighted to combat workplace and institutional harassment and encourage victims to assert their rights.

Together, these laws form a comprehensive framework underlining the Philippines' commitment to the protection of women from violence and a culture of gender equality and respect. They remain fundamental to the efforts to end violence against women and empower survivors.